It is confirmed, but it is simplified. Now patients
with known coronary artery disease (CAD), known peripheral vascular
disease (PVD), or risk factors (hypertension, age over 65, elevated
cholesterol, smoking, or diabetes) who are stable, are placed
on perioperative beta blockers. Any patient with unstable angina,
new onset angina, congestive failure, or aortic stenosis is evaluated
by cardiology for possible revascularization prior to elective
surgery. This approach is very conservative, reasonable, practical,
and supported by extensive literature.
